What type of document allows an individual to designate someone to make healthcare decisions on their behalf?

The correct choice is the durable power of attorney for healthcare, as it is a specific legal document that allows individuals to appoint someone else to make healthcare decisions for them in the event they are unable to do so themselves. This designation is crucial because it ensures that the individual's wishes regarding their medical treatment and care are honored, and it provides clarity to healthcare providers about who is authorized to make decisions on their behalf.

A durable power of attorney for healthcare typically includes detailed instructions regarding the types of medical treatment the individual would or would not want, thus adding a layer of personalization in healthcare decisions. This is particularly important in situations where a patient may be incapacitated or unable to communicate their preferences.

The other options do not serve the same purpose. Legal representation generally refers to a broader scope of legal authority and may not specifically pertain to healthcare decisions. The self-determination act relates to empowering individuals in various aspects of their lives, but it does not specifically designate someone for healthcare decisions. The Oregon Death with Dignity Act specifically pertains to assisted dying and does not focus on appointing a healthcare decision-maker, further distinguishing it from the durable power of attorney for healthcare.