What is required for a surrogate decision maker to perform their role effectively?

For a surrogate decision maker to perform their role effectively, it is essential that they are designated by the patient themselves. This designation ensures that the surrogate has the authority to make decisions on behalf of the patient, particularly in scenarios where the patient is incapacitated or unable to communicate their wishes. It reflects the patient's rights and preferences about who they trust to act in their best interest regarding medical and healthcare decisions.

Designating a surrogate is typically part of advance care planning, where individuals formally indicate who they would like to make decisions for them if they cannot do so. This proactive approach helps to ensure that the surrogate understands the patient's values and wishes, leading to choices that align with the patient’s goals and desires.

While other options may involve important aspects of healthcare decision-making, they do not confer the necessary authority on the surrogate in the same way that direct designation by the patient does. Thus, designation is the foundation for the surrogate's role in advocating for and making decisions that reflect the patient's intent.